However, IUDs aren't recommended for someone:. Experts recommend IUDs as a good birth control option for younger women and teens because they last for many years, need no daily care, and are very effective at preventing pregnancy. An IUD must be inserted by a doctor or nurse practitioner.
It can be inserted anytime during a menstrual cycle as long as she is not pregnant. The doctor or nurse practitioner puts the IUD in through the vagina, past the cervix, and into the uterus. This only takes a few minutes from start to finish. People usually feel some cramping during the placement, but it gets better within a few minutes.
Taking it easy for the rest of the day, using a heating pad, and taking over-the-counter pain medicine can help with any discomfort after the IUD is placed. The cost can vary depending on your health insurance and the type of IUD. Many health insurance plans cover the costs, and family planning clinics such as Planned Parenthood may charge less. Because an IUD lasts for many years, the cost works out to about the same as monthly birth control methods, such as the Pill or ring.
Reviewed by: Larissa Hirsch, MD. Larger text size Large text size Regular text size. What Is an IUD? The most common side effects of the IUD include: irregular bleeding for the first few months with the copper IUD, heavier periods with more cramps lighter and shorter periods or no periods with some kinds of progestin IUDs PMS-like symptoms such as moodiness, headaches, acne, nausea, and breast tenderness with the hormonal IUD Rare problems include: Expulsion.
Sometimes, IUDs are difficult to remove, as they become embedded in the uterus and require surgical removal. In cases where the copper IUD fails to prevent a pregnancy , there is a five percent chance that the pregnancy will be ectopic, or occurring outside of the uterus.
However, researchers have improved the design over time to increase efficacy and the duration of effectiveness. The effectiveness of a copper IUD is largely dependent upon the rate of dissolving of copper ions into the uterine environment.
As the copper dissolves over time, the IUD becomes less effective as less copper is available. The device had coiled copper wire around the vertical shaft of the T-shaped device that dissolved over time, causing the IUD to become less and less effective.
The new design increased the amount of time for which a copper IUD could remain effective. The Copper T has additional copper collars or cylinders that coat both arms of the T and thicker wire with more copper wrapped around the vertical shaft.
Due to the increased amount of copper in the device, the Copper T remains effective for a minimum of six years. That change in design increased the duration of effectiveness of the copper IUDs from six years to between ten and fifteen years.
Since the s, higher doses of copper and a higher proportion of exposed copper have prolonged the effectiveness of copper IUDs. ParaGard is the brand name for that IUD. Other countries have approved more types of copper IUDs in different shapes and sizes.
The most widely used contraception for women worldwide is the contraceptive pill. However, the efficacy of the pill and many other birth control methods is dependent upon the user taking it correctly and consistently, which researchers call perfect use.
Perfect use is rare, and as a result, nearly fifty percent of unintended pregnancies are due to contraceptive failure.
While IUDs and the contraceptive pill have similar rates of protection from pregnancy with perfect use, the failure rate is twenty times as high in women who use the pill compared to women who use a long acting method like the IUD. A copper IUD is a long-term reversible birth control , a method that maintains fertility while still allowing women to prevent pregnancies.
A copper IUD can last for years without needing replacement, but it is not permanent. Once an IUD is removed, fertility often returns immediately. Sterilization through tubal ligation and the use of copper IUDs are considered equally as effective in preventing pregnancy , making copper IUDs a cost-effective alternative to sterilization procedures.
In , 5. According to the Population Council, the popularity of IUDs in general declined after one IUD, the Dalkon Shield , gained media attention and was associated with higher risks of infection and maternal death in women who became pregnant while using the device. The Dalkon Shield was recalled after three years on the market.
Because of the difficulty of studying the exact mechanisms of birth control in humans , research on the exact mechanism of the copper IUD is scarce. That false assertion equates IUDs with early abortion and would thus be prohibited by the Catholic Church. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional.
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Actions for this page Listen Print. Summary Read the full fact sheet. On this page. What is an IUD? How effective are IUDs? How do I use an IUD?
How much does an IUD cost? Are there any side effects from using the copper IUD? Can the IUD cause any serious health problems? When is an IUD not a good option? They last for a long time — Mirena can last for 5 years, and the copper IUD can last for 10 years. They are safe to use if you are breastfeeding. No medications stop them from working. The combined pill and the vaginal ring contain both oestrogen and progestogen. The device can be taken out at any time by an appropriately trained doctor or nurse.
Your chance of getting pregnant will go back to normal as soon as the copper or hormonal IUD has been taken out. Advantages of the hormonal IUD include: Most users have no vaginal bleeding at all, or a light regular period.
Periods may be less painful. Advantages of the copper IUD include: It is a choice for women who do not want to use hormonal contraception. It is a very effective method of emergency contraception. Are there any side effects from using the hormonal IUD?
Possible side effects include: When it is first inserted some users have period-type cramping that usually settles after a few days. Sometimes the IUD can come out. This is more common in the first 3 months of it being inserted. Your period will change. Spotting or frequent bleeding is common in the first 3 to 6 months.
You may experience tender breasts, headaches, skin changes and mood changes. These side effects nearly always settle with time.
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