It is not an ionic compound; it belongs to the category of covalent compounds discuss elsewhere. Also note that this combination of nitrogen and oxygen has no electric charge specified, so it is not the nitrite ion. Second, if you recognize the formula of a polyatomic ion in a compound, the compound is ionic. Remember that the convention for writing formulas for ionic compounds is not to include the ionic charge. Thus, this compound is also ionic.
Science has long recognized that blood and seawater have similar compositions. After all, both liquids have ionic compounds dissolved in them. The similarity may be more than mere coincidence; many scientists think that the first forms of life on Earth arose in the oceans.
A closer look, however, shows that blood and seawater are quite different. Here is a comparison of the amounts of ions in blood and seawater:. Most ions are more abundant in seawater than they are in blood, with some important exceptions. This difference is significant because the hydrogen carbonate ion and some related ions have a crucial role in controlling the acid-base properties of blood.
Why do the chemical formulas for some ionic compounds contain subscripts, while others do not? For each pair of elements, determine the charge for their ions and write the proper formula for the resulting ionic compound between them.
Sometimes more than one ion is needed to balance the charge on the other ion in an ionic compound. Learning Objectives Write the chemical formula for a simple ionic compound. Recognize polyatomic ions in chemical formulas. A crystal contains a three-dimensional array of alternating positive and negative ions. The precise pattern depends on the compound. A crystal of sodium chloride, shown here, is a collection of alternating sodium and chlorine ions.
Alternatively, use the crossing charges method shown in Figure 3. Polyatomic Ions Some ions consist of groups of atoms covalently bonded together and have an overall electric charge. We will need two nitrate ions to balance the charge on each calcium ion. The formula for nitrate must be enclosed in parentheses. Recognizing Ionic Compounds There are two ways to recognize ionic compounds. Both phosphorus and chlorine are nonmetals.
Both oxygen and fluorine are nonmetals. Looking Closer: Blood and Seawater Science has long recognized that blood and seawater have similar compositions. CHEBI — nitrate. Compounds in this group can act as exceedingly potent oxidizing agents, and mixtures with reducing agents or reduced materials such as organic substances can be explosive. However, compounds such as ammonium nitrate will explode even with virtually no reduced material present.
What happens when you mix water and ammonium nitrate? It feels cold when ammonium nitrate is dissolved in water which indicates an endothermic reaction. In an endothermic reaction, the ammonium nitrate dissolves in water, a chemical reaction that absorbs heat rather than releases it. Over time, the compound absorbs moisture, which can make the beads stick together into a huge rock, says Sella.
When such a large quantity of compacted ammonium nitrate is exposed to intense heat — if, say, an accidental fire breaks out — it can trigger an explosion. What are the potential hazards? Under normal handling conditions, ammonium nitrate is not harmful.
However, inhalation of high concentrations of ammonium nitrate dust can cause respiratory tract irritation. Symptoms may include: coughing, sore throat, shortness of breath, or even suffocation. Because of its danger and potential use by terrorists, ammonium nitrate is subject to strict regulation in most places. In , according to NBC News, the Department of Homeland Security established rules limiting the sale of the compound, which is also used as an explosive in the construction and mining industries.
Ammonium nitrate decomposes, non-explosively, into the gases nitrous oxide and water vapor when heated. However, it can be induced to decompose explosively by detonation.
You can buy ammonium nitrate as a pure chemical or you can collect it from instant cold packs or some fertilizers. Pure AN is stable and will stop decomposing once the heat source is removed, but when catalysts are present, the reaction can become self-sustaining known as self-sustaining decomposition, or SSD. It is used to make fertilizers and explosives.
Nitrate of ammonia explosives appears as a powder. Readily explodes if heated. A: According to the reports, approximately 2, metric tons about 6 million pounds of stored ammonium nitrate exploded as a result of a fire providing sufficient heat to detonate this explosive. Ammonium nitrate would only explode on its own if its temperature was rapidly raised to degrees Fahrenheit. Compared to most combustible materials, ammonium nitrate itself is not exceptionally explosive.
But the compound can contribute to explosions because it belongs to a chemical class known as oxidizers. Not combustible, but substance is a strong oxidizer and its heat of reaction with reducing agents or combustibles may cause ignition.
Explosion: Explosive with shock, heat or friction. When ammonium nitrate explodes, it can release toxic gases including nitrogen oxides and ammonia gas. The orange plume is caused by the nitrogen dioxide, which is often associated with air pollution. If you gently heat ammonium nitrate that has dissolved in water, the solution breaks down to release nitrous oxide, commonly called laughing gas.
Because solid ammonium nitrate can undergo explosive decomposition when heated in a confined space, its shipment and storage are subject to government regulations. I made some simple drawings to try to explain what I don't understand:. Does the "electron from outside" that the oxygen receives, as indicated in the drawing, comes from the nitrogen atom? Is this the correct line of thinking?
Coordination structures are varied,. If you are thinking about it like literally adding O to the nitrite ion then yes, the two electrons the oxygen receives are from nitrogen. Imagine moving the nitrogen lone pair to the oxygen to give it a full octet and forming a single bond in the process.
You will notice that the Lewis structures will match the "organiker" structures of Uncle Al. N has 1 lp means 2 unused electrons. N will share its lone pair with Oxygen oxygen will not use its 6 e, only 2 e of N will be shared by both O and N , this type of bonding is known as coordinate bond.
If any confusion left, you can check some videos of coordinate bonding , then you will surely understand. Sign up to join this community. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group. Create a free Team What is Teams?
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